The suitability of agricultural drainage water (ADW) for reuse in irrigation was indexed based on a simulation of quality and quantity. The ADW reuse index (DWRI) has two components; the first one indicates ...

Information on irrigation indicators is needed to improve irrigation management. The objective of this paper is to assess the irrigation performance of the Gezira Scheme, Sudan. Data on climatic elements, irrigation water supply and crop yield for the period 1961–2010 integrated with remote sensing data from 2000 to 2014 are used. Crop evapotranspirations (ETc) are determined by FAO 56 reference evapotranspiration (ETo) with derived crop coefficients (kc) and the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) is estimated using FAO 33. Irrigation efficiency indicators, Relative Irrigation Supply (RIS) and Relative Water Supply (RWS), are calculated. Potential rainwater supply to crop is tested based on Moisture Availability Index (MAI) and Ratio of Moisture Availability (RMA). Furthermore,Water Use Efficiency (WUE) is used to...

tUnderstanding the spatio-temporal variation of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) over irrigated agricul-tural areas helps to manage water. Many remote sensing (RS) methods have been developed recentlyto estimate ETa. Nevertheless, selecting the suitable method is still a challenge. The objective of thisresearch is to evaluate four RS methods for estimating ETaover the large-scale Gezira Scheme of Sudan.Three methods, namely Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), Mapping EvapoTranspira-tion at High Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) and Simplified Surface Energy Balance(SSEB), were applied using Landsat images. Another RS dataset, i.e. ETaproduct from Moderate Resolu-tion Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite (MOD16A2), was also used in the comparison. The ETamethods were validated using field-scale water balance (WB) estimates during the 2004 crop season.Furthermore, the present study suggested the use of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)...

Er Roseires Dam plays a key role in controlling the Blue Nile flow in Sudan. This study explores the influence of the dam on the hydrological regimes,which in turn have implications for the ecosystem. The Range of Variability Approach (RVA) - based on a set of 32 indicators - was applied over the period 1965 to 2014 to establish a safe range of river flow. Moreover, remotely-sensed data of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to analyse...

This study proposes a novel monitoring tool based on Satellite Remote Sensing (SRS) data to examine the status of water distribution and Water Use Efficiency (WUE) under changing water policies in large- scale and complex irrigation schemes. The aim is to improve our understanding of the water-food nexus in such schemes. With a special reference to the Gezira Irrigation Scheme (GeIS) in Sudan during the period 20 0 0–2014, the tool devised herein is well suited for cases where validation data are absent. First, it introduces an index, referred to as the Crop Water Consumption Index (CWCI), to assess the efficiency of water policies. The index is defined as....

Egypt’s water resources are under threat and could have a severe water crisis unless its finite resources are managed in a sustainable manner. Climate Change (CC) is an additional threat that puts more pressure on already stressed water resources and its impacts are already visible. In Egypt, high intensity rainstorms with a short duration events have become more frequent during the last two decadesresulting inundation in urban areas such as Alexandria city. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is listed as one of the adaptation measures of CC and could cope with the water scarcity and inundation problems in urban areas. In this research,...

The land surveying community is about to enter a new era of control surveying. Traditional methods of Global Positioning System (GPS) static and single base Real Time Kinematic (RTK) control surveying found in most surveying and engineering projects, ...

The removal of heavy metals (Cu+2, Pb+2, Fe+2, and Cd+2) onto modified clay using batch-adsorption technique has been studied. The influence of concentration, on the adsorption process has also been studied. The natural clay obtained from New Valley in Egypt was crushed into powder and passed through 200 mesh sieve and then modified with sodium acetate. It rinsed and dried up. Results show that...

Quality status of fresh waterways in Egypt, especially those that receive agricultural drainage water such as Rosetta Branch (RB), is critical for most of its water uses. However, the country depends on this marginal quality water to fill the gap between demand and supply. Therefore, the need for effective/economic water management tools turn into an obligation. ..

The limited water resources of Egypt lead to widespread water-stress. Consequently, the use of marginal water sources, such as agricultural drainage waters, provides one of the national feasible solutions to the problem. However, the marginal quality of the drainage waters may restrict their use. The objective of this research is to develop ...